Dynasty of the great moguls
Moguls (Indian emperors known as the great moguls) they took over most of India. Territorially, the Mughal Empire can be compared to the Asoka state or the British colony. The Mughal rise to power was just as violent and swift, like their fall. In fact, only six great moguls ruled. Aurangzeb's successors held power only titularly. Architecture flourished during the rule of Mughal rule, art and literature. The most famous buildings in India were built; e.g. Taj Mahal mausoleum in Agra, considered one of the wonders of the world. They formed the Mughal dynasty:
Baber(1527-1530)
Humayun (1530-1556)
Akbar(1556-1605)
It's windy (1605-1627)
Shah Jahan(1627-1658)
Aurangzeb (1658-1707).
Baber, potomek Timura (also called Tamerlane), and therefore also Genghis Khan (from which Timur descended, or so he said), stepped in 1525 r. to Punjab from his capital in Kabul and defeated the Sultan of Delhi at the Battle of Panipat. It was not, however, the final victory. W 1540 r. Sher Shah defeated Humayun, the second of the Mughal dynasty, who only regained power after fifteen years of exile. Son of Humayun, Akbar, who ascended to the throne barely 14 years, do 1560 r. took over the entire empire.
Akbar was undoubtedly the greatest of the great moguls. He became famous not only as a talented commander, but also as a cultured man, wise and sensitive to beauty. Contrary to the previous Mughal rulers, he realized, that the Indians cannot be broken by force. Therefore, he used the help of Indian advisers, commanders and officials. He was also interested in religious issues. He spent a lot of time discussing with representatives of various denominations (including Christians and Parsis). Eventually he made a confession himself, which combined various elements of beliefs known to him.
Akbar's successor, It's windy, like his father, he was tolerant of other faiths, though he was more concerned with the durability of the empire's power. He died on the way to his beloved Kashmir. Dżahangir's tomb is located in Lahore, Pakistan. Shah Jahan, to secure a place on the throne, he murdered all the men in the family. He preferred Delhi and Agra. During his reign, many magnificent buildings testifying to the power of the Mughals were built. One of the most famous is the Taj Mahal; you have to remember, that this magnificent mausoleum is just one of the many impressive structures erected by Shah Djahan. The passion for architecture also contributed to the fall of the Sultan. Aurangzeb, son of Shah Dżahan, deprived my father of power, to put an end to massive construction investments. The Shah Jahan broke in favor of Islam with a tolerant policy towards other religions, led by Akbar. W 1639 r. allowed the British to establish a trading post in Madras.
Aurangzeb, the last of the great moguls, he was mainly concerned with expanding the borders of the empire. However, taxes for military purposes and religious intolerance contributed to the fall of this ruler. The empire was wobbling, because the luxurious and comfortable lifestyle of the court was caused by the moral disorder and disillusionment of the nobility and warriors. Many Hindu temples were destroyed at that time, and mosques were built in their place. In response, the Indians were leaving en masse at all levels of state administration. Unlike its predecessors, Aurangzeb was buried in an ordinary grave, which is located in Rauza near Aurangabad. After Aurangzeb's death, St. 1707 r. revolts broke out all over the country. The Mughal power began to decline. Until the Indian uprising, when the British expelled the last representative of the dynasty and murdered his sons, The Mughals exercised only titular power. The Mughal Empire broke up into several smaller states. Wicekrólestwo Hyderabad, in the south of the country, thanks to the favor of the British, it survived until independence. Nawabowie (and the boys, princes), ruling over Awadhem in the north, they stayed in 1856 r. and defeated by the British. In Bengal, the Moguls rashly faced the British and lost the Battle of Plassey in 1757 r.
Rajputs and Marathas
The Mughal power found no continuators. After the fall of the empire, power passed into the hands of other neighboring dynasties. Throughout the reign of Mughals, in the north of the country, in Rajasthan, Rajputs grew stronger. This people formed a caste of warriors, who both in military matters, as well as the public strictly adhered to their own knightly code. Their importance for India is comparable to that of chivalry in medieval Europe. Rajputs repelled any invasions on their territory, but they have never been strong enough, to fight a stronger enemy. In times of peace, the energy of warriors found an outlet in internal struggles, which, however, led to Rajasthan's dependence on the Mughals. Due to their bravery, the Rajputs were valued commanders of the Mogiła Warmia.
The Maratha people experienced their first glory under the rule of Sivaji of the worlds 1646-1680. Stories of his military successes are known to this day in villages in the center of the country, thanks to word of mouth. He is the favorite hero in Maharashtra, where he became famous for his wonderful deeds. He was also worshiped for this, that he proved, that a great leader does not have to come from the Kshatrya caste (knights or officials). He also made contributions in the fight against the Moguls. Once he was even captured by them and imprisoned in Agra, but of course he ran away, to throw yourself into the next adventures. His son was captured by Aurangzeb, who ordered his rival to the throne to be blinded, then lose it. Although Siwaji's grandson did not inherit military talents, however, the Maratha State continued to exist, managed by passes, who were initially supplying the army, gradually they took over the Mughal Empire. After the sack of Delhi by Nadir Shah of Persia, 1739 r. the might of the Mughals had weakened considerably. W 1761r. after the lost battle of Panipat, the Maratha state suddenly collapsed. Let us remind you, that 200 years earlier, another battle took place there, which established the rule of the Mughal. However, the Marathas still controlled the central part of the peninsula with the country of Malwa. However, they soon succumbed to the military superiority of the British.